Terms and Conditions

Please read the following terms.

Kindly do read the terms of use carefully and accurately

PlexPay Technologies L.L.C. (also known as "PlexPay," "we," or "our") is a limited liability company registered in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with the registration number 1364609. Our registered office is located in Al Reem Island's Tamouh Tower 3 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

These terms of service (the "Terms") establish a legally binding agreement between you and us and govern your use of the PlexPay application (the "PlexPay App") and/or the website (the "Website"). The term "Account" as used in these Terms refers to the account we open and administer for you. Other PlexPay App users who have created accounts with us may also utilise the account.

You are given access to the payment-related services described in these Terms through the PlexPay App (collectively, the "Services"). Please take the time to carefully read these Conditions so that you are aware of your responsibilities and legal rights with regard to our services and website.

You agree to abide by and be bound by these Terms by installing, accessing, downloading, or otherwise using the Services, Website, or any of their features, including creating an Account. You won't be able to create another Account or access the PlexPay App without our consent if you break any of the Terms, and we reserve the right to immediately terminate your Account and block your access to the PlexPay App.

Please be aware that some of the additional associated products and services you might be able to access through the PlexPay App are subject to specific terms and conditions that we have set. The Mobile Auto-Debit Payment Services are included in this. Please visit the Mobile Auto-Debit Terms of Service if you would like to access and review these terms.

1. CONTACT

If the solution to your question is not in our FAQs, please contact us via the PlexPay App or by sending an email to help@plexpay.com. This applies to queries about the Services, your Account, these Terms, the Website, or our Privacy Policy.

2. QUALIFICATION

To enable you to fully utilise the Services, we must need to set up your Account after you download the PlexPay App. You must demonstrate your eligibility before we can give you an Account by giving us accurate, current information that demonstrates your compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements.

  • Age : Depending on your jurisdiction's age of majority, you must be at least 18 years old or older.
  • Location :You must reside in the United Arab Emirates.

You must give us your Emirates ID and any other documentation we request to prove that you meet the aforementioned requirements. In order to confirm your identity, we will also need you to submit a "real time" video of yourself through the PlexPay App (using the camera and microphone on your device). Please read our Privacy Policy for more details on how we use the personal information you give us to set up your Account.

3. PLEXPAY SERVICES

Once you've opened an Account, you can use the PlexPay App, the website, or a "Virtual Card" if one has been issued to you to hold, send, and receive money. The services offered will consist of:

Sending and receiving money to other accounts is enabled. You can send payments to any different account user, and any other account user can send payments to your account. Also, you can give "monetary gifts/ cash gifts" to other Account users, which enables you to choose how a payment should be divided among a group of Account users or another Account user. A "monetary gift" from another Account user may also be sent to you at their request.

Transferring money domestically and internationally: You are able to transfer funds from your Account to the designated bank accounts of recipients who are based in the UAE or elsewhere. We will use the exchange rate in effect at the moment and inform you in advance if you want to send money in a currency other than the one held in your Account. The rate that is applied will also be shown in your transaction history. We will return the money to you and exchange it back to the original currency if the transfer fails and a currency exchange was necessary. This implies that the amount credited back to your Account may be less or greater than what you originally paid. If this results in any losses for you, we are not responsible.

Making Purchases: You may use our e-commerce service, the QR Code functionality of the PlexPay App (which will require access to the camera on your device), or both to make purchases from specific participating merchants (collectively, "Merchants"). In the PlexPay App, a complete list of participating Retailers is available. For further savings on any purchases made using the PlexPay App as well as for mobile top-up or payments, sign up for our Green Points PlexPay loyalty program. You can use a Virtual Card to make purchases from third parties when appropriate, but only if the third party vendor accepts payments using the card scheme associated with that Virtual Card. The Merchant will be the one to handle all shipping and delivery of the acquired products.

Please be aware that if you make a purchase using your PlexPay Wallet or a Virtual Card from a Merchant or third-party seller and the transaction is finally refunded, the money will generally be returned through the original payment method you used for the purchase. In general, refunds to the remaining balance in your PlexPay Wallet are performed within one (1) business day. Refunds to additional cards connected to your Account are typically completed in fourteen (14) business days, but in some cases they could take up to thirty (30) days (business days).

  • Paying Bills : You can pay a bill that is due or ask another Account user to make the payment on your behalf. Alternately, you can be asked to pay a charge on behalf of another Account user.
  • Adding or Removing Value :In addition to the methods just mentioned above, there are more ways to add to or remove value from your account. This involves through means of:
  • A bank transfer to or from the bank account you specify;
  • A payment method, such as a debit or credit card (we accept payments using Visa and MasterCard credit/debit cards in AED (or any other agreed currency));
  • A cash payment via a PlexPay designated kiosk; a cash deposit or withdrawal from a merchant's premises (note that this is not available at all merchants); and, in cases where your employer has joined the Wages Protection Scheme of the UAE Central Bank, you can also top-up by selecting to receive your salary directly into your payment method, such as a debit or credit card (we accept payments using Visa and MasterCard credit/debit cards in AED (or any other agreed currency)); a cash payment via a PlexPay designated kiosk; a cash deposit or withdrawal from a merchant's premises (note that this is not available at all merchants); and, in cases where your employer has joined the Wages Protection Scheme of the UAE Central Bank, you can also top-up by selecting to receive your salary directly into your accoun
  • Message other Account users: if it is connected to the performance of one of the aforementioned Services. This feature is strictly adjunct to certain of the aforementioned Services.

The restrictions set forth in these Terms apply to the Services. If you violate these Terms, we reserve the right to immediately disable the Account and your access to the PlexPay App.

4. YOUR PLEXPAY’S ACCOUNT'S USE

You consent to abide by the following rules when using your Account:

  • Personal Use :You may only use your Account for personal purposes; you may not use it for any other purposes, including commercial ones.
  • Your Account and Your Device :You will only have one Account, and it will be linked to the device that you are fully authorised to use and that you own.
  • Instructions :You must always make sure that the instructions you give us regarding your Account are accurate, clear, and relevant with the law. About your Account, we shall follow your directions, excluding the following:
    • We believe that the following instruction:
      • is not a creation of yours;
      • is vague or ambiguous;
      • is a criminal offence; or
      • has been created with a malicious or deceptive intent;
    • we are otherwise required by the law
    • The Terms have been broken by you.

    If you use a Virtual Card to make a payment, we'll assume you've given your consent unless you notify us that money has been taken from your Account.


  • Hold Payment :We may withhold a payment instruction if we firmly believe that doing so is necessary to safeguard you or your Account (for example, because if the payment exceeds a limit linked to fraud), or if doing so is legally required.
  • Please be aware/ Awareness :Unless we are prohibited from doing so by law, we will contact you as soon as we are unable to carry out your request or hold a payment instruction for an extended period of time.
  • Currency :The UAE Dirham will be used for using the Services, including when holding funds in your Account. But, if you want to send money in a foreign currency, we will use the exchange rate in effect at the moment and inform you in advance of it.
  • Value Restrictions : [1] We are entitled to place a limit on the total amount of money that may be spent on any one of the Services. For instance, we may place a limit on the total amount of money that can be maintained in your Account at once. The current account restrictions that apply to your account are as follows:
    • Your PlexPay Wallet can hold up to AED 20,000 in total at any given moment.
    • The most you can add to your PlexPay Wallet each month is AED 25,000.
    • Any single transaction made with your PlexPay Wallet [or Virtual Card] may not exceed AED 10,000 in value.
    • Your PlexPay Wallet [or Virtual Card] has a 10,000 AED daily spending limit.
    • In accordance with clause 19 of these Terms, we may modify these restrictions.
  • Other Account Users :You can find and contact other Account users by using the following methods:
    (i) granting us access to your contact list(s) (as covered in more detail in the Privacy Policy);
    (ii) scanning the QR code of another Account user;
    (iii) looking for other Account users by using their mobile numbers;
    (iv) looking for other Account users by using their PlexPay IDs.
    Please be aware that we might need to confirm someone's identification before you connect with other Account users.

5. VIRTUAL CARD

You may get one or more Virtual Cards from us, at our judgment, and they will be connected to your PlexPay Account.

A Virtual Card can be used to make purchases. A Virtual Card, however, is not a credit card. As a result, you can only make purchases up to the balance that is already in your Account.

6. SECURITY FOR YOUR MONEY

We protect the money held in your account in line with our regulatory requirements. In order to accomplish this, we deposit your money in a special account kept by a bank that has been granted a license by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates.

Until you pay them out or redeem them, your money will be safe.

7. FEES AND CHARGES

For using some of our Services, there will be a cost. Our Schedule of Charges, which is available here, contains details on fees.

With at least sixty (60) calendar days' notice, we reserve the right to change our fees at any time.

8. LOYALTY PROGRAM

Users of the PlexPay App can use their Green Points or vouchers to make purchases as part of the PlexPay loyalty programme. You can get discounts on purchases made using the PlexPay App by using these Green Points or vouchers.

The Green Points and vouchers don't represent genuine money or property of any sort, and you acknowledge and agree that they have no monetary worth. Green Points and coupons have no monetary value.

Green Points and vouchers, as well as their usage or availability, may be offered, modified, controlled, regulated, and/or removed at any moment, without incurring any duty to you.

If we suspect you have used any Green Points or vouchers in violation of these Terms or applicable law or that you have otherwise broken these Terms or applicable law, we reserve the right to delete any Green Points and vouchers from your Account at any time.

You accept and agree that all purchases of Green Points and vouchers are final, and that we will not issue refunds for any transactions after the purchase is complete, unless the purchase was made as a result of our violation of these Conditions.

You agree that we are not obligated to provide a refund or other compensation for any Green Points and vouchers acquired prior to termination or suspension if these Terms and/or your access to the PlexPay App are suspended or terminated for any reason.

9. BALANCE BONUS PROGRAM

Periodically, we may provide a cashback incentive program (the "Balance Bonus") via the PlexPay App that awards cashback based on the amount of your PlexPay balance. You must use the PlexPay App to apply for the Balance Bonus. To confirm your identity, we might need some details.

Balance Daily bonus cashback is accrued and based on the total sum in your PlexPay wallet the day prior. On the day it is calculated or at another frequency that may be chosen at any time, the value will be added to your PlexPay balance. To be eligible for cashback, you might need to keep a certain amount in your PlexPay wallet. The minimum balance at this time is 150 AED. In accordance with clause 19 of these Conditions, we reserve the right to alter this minimal balance from time to time.

The cashback amount, minimum balance, and distribution frequency are our sole discretion. Please get in touch with us at help@plexpay.com if you believe there is a problem with your Balance Bonus account.

On the PlexPay app's Balance Bonus section, you can view your accruals, and in your PlexPay Wallet, you can view your disbursements. Prior to the value being credited to your PlexPay Wallet, you may not use the accrued value to use the PlexPay Services as described in clause 3 of these Terms.

Without incurring any liability to you, we reserve the right to offer, change, control, restrict, and/or eliminate any Balance Bonus program, as well as its usage or provision, from your Account at any time.

We will stop issuing cashback and we won't be responsible for paying a refund or any other compensation for accruals or distributions made before or after we believe you used Balance Bonus in violation of these Terms or applicable law, or if your access to the PlexPay App is suspended or terminated for any reason.

10. OVERALL CONDITIONS

Please be aware of the following requirements in addition to any additional requirements contained in these Conditions that you must follow:

  • Applicable Law :When using the Services and Website, you must abide by these Terms and any relevant legal requirements. Additionally, no laws that may be in force may prevent you in any way from using the Services.
  • Operating system :In order to use the PlexPay App, your device must be running at least version iOS 9 (for Apple devices) or Android 5 (for Android smartphones), with a memory need of no less than 200 MB.
  • Updates :You are highly advised to download the most recent version of the PlexPay App as soon as it is made available. Updates are made to enhance user experience and the PlexPay App. If you don't upgrade the PlexPay App, we might stop supporting it and its functionality will probably diminish over time.
  • Device Fees :Any carrier data plans, other applicable fees, and applicable taxes related to your device are solely your responsibility.
  • Account Security :You are in charge of maintaining the safety and security of your device, your Account, and any security codes or passwords. You shouldn't allow anybody else to use your computer or your account because doing so increases the possibility of fraud or account misuse. You must not reveal any information about a Virtual Card to anyone else, including your PIN or any related passwords. Please get in touch with us right away by phone at +971 585 076 088, by email at help@plexpay.com, or via the PlexPay App if you believe you have been the victim of fraud or the Services have been used without your permission (including if you believe your Account has been compromised, compromised, or breached in any other way).
  • Deletion of App :You must wait until your Account has been cancelled/ deleted in line with these Conditions before deleting the PlexPay App.

11. PERMITTED USES

You must only use the Services and/or Website for legitimate, approved, and permitted purposes at all times. You agree not to use the Services (which includes utilising any Virtual Cards) or the Website in the following ways, nor to allow anyone else to do so while logged into your account or visiting the Website:

  • Use the Services or the Website in violation of these Terms, for any illegal activity, or in any way that is inconsistent with or unlawful;
  • Disrupt or infringe on the legal rights of PlexPay, any business in its group, our users, or other parties, including legal rights to privacy, intellectual property, or other proprietary rights;
  • Give faulty, improper, or misleading information;
  • Engage in any potentially fraudulent or suspicious activity, including adding funds to your account that might be related to criminal activity or receiving payments that might be fraudulent;
  • Refuse to assist with an inquiry or give us any information we ask for, including information that would help us confirm your identity;
  • Transmit any message, information, or content that is unlawful, obscene, defamatory, intimidating, harassing, racially or ethnically offensive, or that could incite or encourage activity that would be unlawful or otherwise inappropriate, including encouraging violent crimes;
  • Fake becoming someone else;
  • Attempting to harm PlexPay, our affiliated companies, or any of our users or clients; or
  • access, use, copy, edit, distribute, display, or create derivative works based on our services in an improper or illegal manner, or in a way that is harmful to us, our group companies, our services, users, or others. You specifically may not, and may not allow anyone else using your account or accessing the website, to:
    • Except as provided by law, reverse engineer, edit, alter, create derivative works from, decompile, or extract code from our Services;
    • Viruses or other malicious computer code through or onto our services; send, store, or transfer them;
    • Obtain access to our networks or the systems of our group companies without authorization or attempt to do so;
    • Create accounts for our services using illegal methods; gather user data or information about our users in any illegal or unauthorised way; and/or
    • Our Services may not be offered for purchase, resale, rental, or payment.

12. Licensing and intellectual property

12.1. Our holdings/ Ownership

We retain ownership and/or control, as appropriate, over the Services and Website and all associated intellectual property rights (collectively, "Intellectual Property"), including all copyrights, trademarks, domain names, logos, trade secrets, patents, and other intellectual property rights that exist now or in the future. Unless as provided in these Conditions or with our express written consent, you are not entitled to use our intellectual property (which you can seek by contacting us using the contact details above).

12.2. Your holdings/ Ownership

You retain ownership of the data, information, or other contents you provided for your Account or through the use of our Services during our relationship with you. Additionally, as further described below, you have the authority to grant the rights outlined in these Terms.

12.3. Permission to use your information

You grant PlexPay a worldwide, free of charge, sub licensable, and transferable right to use, reproduce, distribute, create derivative works of, and display the information (including any content) that you upload, store, send, or receive on or through the use of the Services and/or Website in order for us to provide our Services and/or Website to you in the best manner possible. We will only use these rights for the specific purpose of delivering our services, such as displaying your profile image.

12.4. Your permission/ right to use the Services

We grant you a revocable, non-exclusive, non-sub licensable, and non-transferable permission to use the Services for the sole purpose for which they were intended, subject to and in compliance with these Terms, so that you can get the Services at the highest standard possible. You are not given any additional rights, whether explicitly or implicitly.

12.5. Intellectual property infringement

Please contact us right away using the information provided above if you think a third party is misusing our intellectual property. We reserve the right to immediately cancel your Account if we suspect that you are violating (or otherwise misusing) our intellectual property or the intellectual property of another.

13. DISCLAIMER

The following disclaimers apply at all times when you access and accept the provision of the Services and/or the Website at your own risk:


  • Both the Website and the Services are offered "as is" without any express or implied guarantees;
  • No guarantee is made that the Services or Website will be available, error-free, secure, safe, or that they will operate without interruptions, delays, or flaws; this includes any information provided by us being accurate, complete, or useful.
  • We have no control over how or when users access our services or website, and we are not accountable for doing so.
  • The activities or information (including content) of our users or other third parties are not under our control, and we have no obligation to do so.
  • The aforementioned disclaimers shall be applied to the utmost degree that the law will permit.

14. RESPONSIBILITY

14.1. Our Responsibility/ Liability

Except in cases where this is due to your, your payee's, or your payee's bank's (not with respect to another Account holder) negligence, we accept liability when we act on a payment instruction and this is not received by your payee's bank (whether that be a Merchant, another Account holder, or the person/organization to which you must pay a bill) (for example, if you included the wrong payee details).

We also shoulder the responsibility for any losses you could incur as a consequence of our negligence or deceit, or as a result of our breach of our agreements with you.

14.2. Liability Restriction and Exclusion

We, our affiliates, subsidiaries, directors, employees, partners, and agents (collectively, the "PlexPay Group") will not be held accountable to you, under or in connection with these Terms, your activities under your Account, your use of the Services and/or Website, and/or our provision of the Services and/or Website, whether in contract (including under any indemnity), tort (including negligence), under statute, or otherwise.

  • Unintended, special, or consequential losses or damages;
  • Loss of revenue, business opportunity, or loss of business;
  • Loss caused on by any failed payment because there aren't enough funds in your account;
  • losses brought on by unusual or unpredictable events outside of our reasonable control, such as mechanical failure, labour unrest, a pandemic, or delays or failures brought on by issues with another system or network;
  • losses sustained in situations where we are required to take action by law, regulation, direction, or instruction of a governmental body, such as ending these Terms and shutting down your Account; or
  • Any additional loss or damage to the extent that such loss or damage is brought on by you, to which you contributed, or as a result of your failure to abide by these Terms.
  • The PlexPay Group's total liability to you for all claims during our relationship with you shall not exceed AED 500 for any other losses or damages for which we are found liable.
  • To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, these exclusions and limitations of liability will be in place.

15. YOUR RESPONSIBILITY

To the fullest extent permitted by law, you agree to defend, indemnify, and hold the PlexPay Group harmless from and against all liabilities, damages, losses, and costs (including reasonable legal fees and costs) relating to, arising from, or in any way connected with any of the following: (a) your access to or use of our Services and/or Website; (b) your violation of our Terms; or (c) any representation that you have made that is untrue.

16. REFRESHMENT PERIOD

Within five (5) business days of consenting to these Terms, you may close your Account and terminate these Terms if you decide not to continue using the Services. The "Cooling-Off Phase" is this time period. You can use the PlexPay App or email us at help@plexpay.com to exercise this right.

17. TERMINATION OF THESE TERMS AND CLOSURE OF YOUR ACCOUNT

These Terms will automatically expire with respect to the terminated Account if any of the following clauses or another clause in these Terms are followed when closing your Account.

17.1. Our legal Rights

We have the right to close your account at any time by issuing you sixty (60) days' written notice.

As an alternative, if any of the following take effect, we reserve the right to block your Virtual Card, disable your Account (either permanently or for a period of time), and/or terminate your access to and use of any or all of the Services (including any services provided by our group companies).

  • We believe you are using or allowing someone else to use your account for illegal or fraudulent activities;
  • We believe someone is making unauthorized use of your Account;
  • We lack the necessary data, such as current contact and identification details, to manage your Account;
  • Based on our findings, you were ineligible to open your Account;
  • Our ability to work with you is made tougher by your behaviour towards our staff;
  • Any revised versions of these Terms are not acceptable to you;
  • You miss deadlines for making payments on accrued interest, fines, or levies;
  • If you file for bankruptcy, make a voluntary individual agreement, are the subject of a debt relief order or trust deed, or experience any other equivalent situation;
  • You pass away; or
  • We believe you broke these Terms.
17.2. Your right

By getting in touch with us through the PlexPay App or sending an email to help@plexpay.com, you can deactivate your Account at any moment. After seven (7) business days of getting your request to close your account, we'll send you a final closing statement.

17.3. Closing Standards
  • You (or your estate) are in charge of stopping all payments into and out of your Account as well as removing the PlexPay App from your phone in the event that any of the aforementioned occurrences occur.
  • If there are funds left in your account once it is closed, we will either transfer them to another bank account or mail you a check at the address we have on file for you at that time.
  • We reserve the right to keep your Account open if you want to close it but still owe us money while using our standard recovery procedures to do so.
17.4. Continuity clauses
Whatever the reason for any termination of your relationship with us, the following clauses will remain in effect: Intellectual Property, Licenses, Disclaimer of Warranties, Our Liability, Your Liability, Closing Your Account and Termination of These Terms, General, Dispute Resolution, and Applicable Law.

18. Language

English is the default language because these Terms were written in it. If you would like to access these Terms in a different language, please change the language settings on your device (for instance, using the PlexPay App's settings) to the language of your choice. Please do keep in mind that as all languages are not available, the English version of these Terms shall take precedence over any translation in the event of any inconsistencies, inconsistent interpretations, or meanings.

19. MODIFICATIONS TO THE TERMS

We have the right to modify these terms at any moment. Any such changes will be communicated to you via email, the PlexPay App, or another method of accessing the Services. For the majority of modifications, we'll offer you at least sixty (60) calendar days' notice before the Terms change. However, there are some modifications that we may make without notifying you first. Examples of these changes include those that must be made because of legal or regulatory requirements and we do not have enough time to notify you in advance.

Unless you have notified us that you object to the proposed changes, the amended Terms shall take effect sixty (60) calendar days after we give you notice where we are required to do so. You will be deemed to have accepted the revised Terms if you continue to use the Services and/or Website.

In the event that you disagree with the revised Terms, your disagreement shall serve as notification that you desire to terminate your Account in accordance with your rights under clause 17.2 above. If you reject the updates and choose to end your partnership with us, you won't be billed.

20. Your Data

As you may be aware, we must gather, store, use, distribute, and otherwise process your personal data in order for you to enjoy the Services and/or Website. Unless as otherwise specified in our Privacy Policy, no credit or debit card numbers or personally identifiable information will be kept, sold, shared, rented, or leased to any third parties. Please read our Privacy Policy to find out more about this, including why and how we do it. Also, it will give you important details on any rights you might have in connection to your personal data and how you might be able to exercise such rights.

21. GENERAL

Please be aware of the following in addition to any other terms and conditions in these Terms:

  • Complete Agreement: With respect to your use of the Services and/or Website, these Terms constitute the entire agreement between you and PlexPay.
  • Violations of Local Law: Our Services and Website should not be accessed or used in any other way in any jurisdiction where any or all of the Services or Website, as applicable, are prohibited in any way.
  • Waiver: Without our written consent, no provision of these Terms, obligations, or rights may be waived.
  • Assignment: We may transfer, assign, or otherwise dispose of all or a portion of our rights and obligations under these Terms. Any rights or obligations you have under these Terms may not be assigned or otherwise transferred to a third party.
  • Third Parties: These Terms do not grant any third party any rights, unless expressly stated or contemplated herein.
  • Severability: If any part of these Terms is found to be invalid, untrue, void, or for any other reason unenforceable, that part shall be deemed severable from our Terms and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining parts. You must send help@plexpay.com any notices you are required to give us under these Terms. You will receive any notice we are required to give you via the PlexPay App and/or the email address associated with your Account.
  • Statements: We will send you notifications via SMS, email, or the PlexPay App as soon as a transaction takes place on your Account. Additionally, we will give you free monthly statements that detail all transactions that have taken place in your Account. You are in charge of verifying the veracity of the statements delivered to you.
  • Contact information: If your contact or identification information changes, it is your responsibility to let us know and provide confirmation if we ask for it.

22. COMPLAINTS

Please contact us by email at help@plexpay.com, phone at +++++++, or through the PlexPay App if you have any complaints about the Services or your Account. For more information on our complaints management procedure, please refer to our complaint processes, which are available on the PlexPay App and the Website.

23. Resolution of Disputes and Governing Law

We make an effort to lay forth clear guidelines so that we can limit or, ideally, prevent disagreements between you and us. However, if a dispute does occur, please see the following for information on how to settle it and which laws will apply.

The laws of England and Wales shall govern these Terms and any dispute or claim (including non-contractual disputes or claims) arising out of or related to it or its subject matter or formation, unless specifically provided otherwise by law.

We both agree that any dispute or claim (including non-contractual disputes or claims) arising out of or related to these Terms or their subject matter or formation must be resolved exclusively by the courts of the Abu Dhabi Global Market in Abu Dhabi.

NOTE: Value restrictions for Virtual Cards are still under consideration.